Arabic Phonology: An Acoustical and Physiological Investigation

Acoustic Phonetic ACOUSTICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL Acoustical Society Arabic Arabic Language baseline burst Chart common allophone Congress of Linguists Congress of Phonetic Consonant Clusters cps and F3 CYCLES PER SECOND Daniel Jones Daniel Jones London declarative statement Diagram F₁ F1 and F2 F2 onset final position formant structures Fourth International Congress free variation FREQUENCY IN CYCLES fundamental frequencies glide Honour of Daniel indicated initially intervocalically lexical items Liberman long vowels lower measurements medially and finally minimal pair Mouton msec narrow band nasals neighboring vowels Non-Pharyngealized Consonants occur onsets of F2 Oslo University Press pharyngealized consonants phoneme Phonetic Sciences Phonetica pitch level Place of Articulation relative duration released or unreleased Roman Jakobson Sciences The Hague SECONDS FIG slightly Society of America sonorants spectrograms steady-states of 2200 Stop Consonants Study Tracing unaspirated usual steady-states utterance velar vertical voice bar vowel formants Vowels in Isolation word